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스티브 잡스, 스탠포드 대학 졸업식 연설 (Steve Jobs, Commencement Address at Stanford University)

by 섭섭한형제 2023. 2. 3.
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Stanford University in 2005

Thank you.

 

I'm honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth be told, I never graduated from college, and this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today, I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.

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오늘은 세계 유수의 명문대학 졸업식에 참석해 주셔서 영광입니다. 사실 저는 대학을 졸업한 적이 없어요. 이것은 제가 지금까지 대학을 졸업한 것 중 가장 가까운 것입니다. 오늘은 제 인생의 세 가지 이야기를 들려드리겠습니다 이상입니다. 별거 아니에요. 딱 세 가지 이야기입니다.

 

The first story is about connecting the dots. I dropped out of Reed College after the first six months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?

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첫 번째 이야기는 점을 연결하는 것입니다. 첫 반년 만에 리드 칼리지를 중퇴했지만, 앞으로 18개월 정도 머무르고 나서 정말 그만뒀습니다. 왜 저는 중퇴했을까요?

 

It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife -- except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl.

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그것은 제가 태어나기 전에 시작되었습니다. 친어머니는 미혼의 젊은 대학원생으로 저를 입양하기로 했습니다. 그녀는 제가 대학 졸업생에게 입양되어야 한다고 강하게 생각했기 때문에 제가 태어났을 때 변호사와 그 아내에게 입양될 준비는 모두 되어 있었습니다. 하지만 제가 갑자기 나타났을 때, 그들은 정말로 여자를 원한다고 결정한 것입니다.

 

So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking, "We've got an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said, "Of course." My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college. This was the start in my life.

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그래서 대기자 명단에 있던 부모님께 한밤중에 전화가 걸려온 것입니다. "남자아이가 있는데 어떨까요?" "좋습니다." 친엄마는 나중에 엄마는 대학을 졸업한 적이 없고 아빠는 고등학교를 졸업한 적이 없다는 걸 알았어요. 그녀는 최종 입양 서류에 서명하는 것을 거부했습니다. 몇 달 후, 부모님이 저를 대학에 보내겠다고 약속했을 때, 그녀는 서명했습니다. 이것이 제 인생의 시작이었습니다.

 

And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life.

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그리고 17년 후, 저는 대학에 갔습니다. 하지만 스탠퍼드만큼 비싼 대학을 선택했고, 노동자 계급 부모님들의 저축은 모두 제 대학 등록금으로 쓰이고 있었습니다. 반년이 지나도 그 가치를 알 수 없었습니다. 제 인생에서 무엇을 하고 싶은지 전혀 짐작도 못했어요. 대학이 그것을 이해하는 데 어떻게 도움이 되는지 전혀 몰랐습니다. 여기서 저는 부모님의 생명을 구한 모든 돈을 쓰고 있었습니다.

 

So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out okay. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.

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그래서 저는 중퇴하고 모든 것이 잘 될 것이라고 믿었습니다 당시에는 상당히 무서웠지만 돌이켜 보면 지금까지 중 최고의 결단이었습니다. 중퇴하자마자 흥미가 없는 필수과목을 수강하는 것을 그만두고 더 재미있을 것 같은 수업을 들을 수 있었습니다.

 

It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms. I returned coke bottles for the five cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:

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모든 것이 로맨틱한 것은 아닙니다. 숙소가 없어서 친구 방에서 바닥에서 자고 있었어요. 저는 식량을 사기 위해 5센트의 저축을 위해 콜라병을 돌려주고 매주 일요일 밤에 마을을 가로질러 7마일을 걸어 할레 크리슈나 사원에서 맛있는 식사를 일주일에 한 번 손에 넣었습니다. 마음에 듭니다. 호기심과 직감에 따라 우연히 만난 것의 대부분은 나중에 귀중하게 되었습니다. 한 가지 예를 들어보겠습니다.

 

Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and sans-serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.

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당시 리드 칼리지는 국내에서 아마 최고의 서예 지도를 제공하고 있었습니다. 캠퍼스 곳곳에 포스터와 서랍 라벨이 아름답게 수기되어 있었습니다. 나는 중퇴했기 때문에 일반 수업을 들을 필요가 없었기 때문에 그 방법을 배우기 위해 서예 수업을 듣는 방법을 배우기 위해 서예 수업을 듣기로 했습니다. serif와 sans-serif의 서체, 글자의 조합에 따라 공간의 크기를 바꾸는 것, 훌륭한 서체를 만드는 것에 대해 배웠습니다. 과학에서는 포착할 수 없을 정도로 아름답고 역사적이며 예술적으로도 미묘하고 매력적이라고 느꼈습니다.

 

None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the "Mac" would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards 10 years later.

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이들 중 어느 것도 제 인생에 실제로 적용될 희망조차 없었습니다. 하지만 10년 후 첫 매킨토시 컴퓨터를 디자인했을 때 모든 것이 제 머리에 떠올랐습니다. 우리는 그것을 모두 Mac에 통합했습니다. 그것은 아름다운 타이포그래피를 가진 최초의 컴퓨터였습니다. 만약 내가 대학에서 그 단일 과정에 한 번도 들르지 않았다면, 'Mac'에는 여러 서체나 그에 비례한 간격의 글꼴이 없었을 것입니다. Windows가 Mac만 복사했기 때문에 아마 컴퓨터에는 없을 것입니다. 만약 제가 중퇴하지 않았다면 그 서예 교실에는 한 번도 들르지 않았을 것이고, 컴퓨터에는 그들과 같은 멋진 타이포그래피가 없을지도 모릅니다. 물론 대학 시절에는 앞을 향해 점을 연결하는 것은 불가능했습니다. 하지만 10년 후의 일은 매우 분명했습니다.

 

Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something -- your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever -- because believing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart, even when it leads you off the well-worn path, and that will make all the difference.

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앞을 향하고 있는 점은 접속할 수 없습니다. 뒤를 향하고 있는 점밖에 접속할 수 없기 때문에 앞으로 어떻게든 점이 연결된다고 믿으십시오. 직감이나 운명 인생 카르마 등 무엇이든 믿어야 합니다. 점이 길 끝으로 이어진다고 믿음으로써 마음을 따를 자신이 생기기 때문입니다. 설령 그것이 옛길에서 멀어지더라도 그것이 모든 것을 바꾸기 때문입니다.

 

My second story is about love and loss.

I was lucky -- I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz¹ and I started Apple in my parents' garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a two billion dollar company with over 4000 employees. We'd just released our finest creation -- the Macintosh -- a year earlier, and I had just turned 30.

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나의 두 번째 이야기는 사랑과 상실에 관한 것입니다.
저는 행운이었습니다.인생의 초기에 자신이 좋아하는 것을 발견했어요. Wozand와 저는 20살 때 부모님 차고에서 Apple을 시작했습니다. 우리는 열심히 일한 지 10년 만에 애플은 차고에 있는 2명에서 4000명 이상의 직원을 둔 20억 달러의 회사로 성장했습니다. 1년 전에 최고의 작품 '매킨토시'를 막 출시했고, 저는 딱 30살이 되었습니다.

 

And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. And so at 30, I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.

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그 후에 잘렸어요 어떻게 시작한 회사를 잘리는 거죠? Apple이 성장함에 따라 저와 함께 회사를 경영하는 데 매우 재능 있는 사람을 고용했습니다. 그리고 처음 1년 정도는 잘 됐어요. 그러나 그 후 우리의 미래에 대한 비전은 바뀌기 시작했고 결국 실패로 끝났습니다. 우리가 그랬을 때 이사회는 그의 편이었습니다. 그래서 30살 때, 저는 외출했습니다 공공장소에서 공개되고 있습니다 어른이 되고 나서 계속 초점을 맞추던 적이 없어졌고, 그것은 괴멸적인 것이었습니다.

 

I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down -- that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me: I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.

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저는 정말 몇 달 동안 무엇을 해야 할지 몰랐어요. 저는 이전 세대의 기업가들을 실망시키고 바통을 넘겨받을 때 떨어뜨렸다고 느꼈습니다. 저는 데이비드 패커드와 밥 노이스를 만나 심한 실패를 한 것을 사과하려고 했습니다. 나는 공개적인 실패자로 계곡에서 도망치려고도 생각했지만, 무엇인가가 서서히 내가 알기 시작했습니다. 저는 제가 한 일을 아직 사랑했어요. Apple 이벤트 턴은 그것을 조금도 변경하지 않았습니다. 저는 거절당했지만 아직 사랑을 하고 있었어요. 그래서 저는 다시 시작하기로 했습니다.

 

I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.

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그땐 못 봤는데 애플사에서 해고당하는 건 저한테 최고였다는 걸 알았어요. 성공하는 것의 무게는 모든 것에 자신이 없고 다시 초보자가 되는 가벼움으로 대체되었습니다. 인생에서 가장 창조적인 시기 중 하나에 들어갈 수 있었습니다.

 

During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the world's first computer-animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, and I retuned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.

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그 후 5년 동안 저는 NeXT라는 회사, 픽사라는 다른 회사를 차렸고 아내가 될 훌륭한 여성과 사랑에 빠졌습니다. 픽사는 또한 세계 최초의 컴퓨터 애니메이션 장편 영화 '토이 스토리'를 제작하여 현재는 세계에서 가장 성공적인 애니메이션 스튜디오입니다. Apple이 NeXT를 구매하고 나는 Apple로 돌아왔는데 NeXT에서 개발한 기술은 Apple의 현재 르네상스의 중심에 있습니다. 로렌과 저에게는 멋진 가족이 있습니다.

 

I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometime life -- Sometimes life's going to hit you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love.

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만약 내가 애플사에서 해고되지 않았다면 이런 일은 일어나지 않았을 것입니다. 심한 맛이 나는 약이었지만, 환자에게는 필요했던 것 같습니다. 때로는 인생이 벽돌로 머리를 맞기도 합니다 신뢰를 잃지 마세요. 저는 제 자신을 지탱해 준 유일한 것은 제가 한 일을 사랑한 것이라고 확신합니다. 자신이 좋아하는 것을 찾아야 합니다.

 

And that is as true for work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking -- and don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. And like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking -- don't settle.

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그리고 그것은 연인들과 마찬가지로 일에도 해당됩니다. 당신의 일은 인생의 대부분을 채워줄 것입니다. 정말 만족하려면 훌륭한 일이라고 생각하는 것을 할 수밖에 없어요. 훌륭한 일을 하는 유일한 방법은 자신의 일을 사랑하는 것입니다. 아직 찾지 못했다면 계속 찾으세요. 그리고 안정이 안 되는 거죠. 마음의 모든 문제와 마찬가지로 그것을 발견하면 알게 될 것입니다. 다른 훌륭한 관계와 마찬가지로 세월이 지남에 따라 점점 좋아집니다. 그러니까 계속 지켜봐 주세요--진정하지 마세요.

 

My third story is about death.

When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I've looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.

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세 번째 이야기는 죽음에 관한 것입니다.
17살 때 저는 다음과 같은 인용문을 읽었습니다."매일이 마지막처럼 산다면 언젠가는 반드시 옳을 것입니다." 그것은 나에게 인상을 주었고, 그 이후 33년 동안 나는 매일 아침 거울을 보며 "만약 오늘이 인생의 마지막 날이었다면 나는 오늘 앞으로 할 일을 하고 싶은 것일까?"라고 자문해 왔습니다. 아니요'라는 대답이 며칠씩 계속될 때마다 뭔가를 바꿀 필요가 있다는 것을 알고 있습니다.

 

Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything -- all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure -- these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.

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곧 죽을 것이라는 것을 기억하는 것은 인생의 큰 선택을 하기 위해 만난 가장 중요한 수단입니다. 왜냐하면 거의 모든 외부로부터의 기대, 자존감, 부끄러움이나 실패에 대한 두려움은 죽음 앞에서 사라지고 정말 소중한 것만 남겨놓기 때문입니다. 당신이 죽는다는 것을 기억하는 것이 잃을 것이 있다는 함정을 피하는 최선의 방법입니다. 당신은 이제 알몸입니다. 당신의 마음을 따르지 않을 이유는 없어요.

 

About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for "prepare to die." It means to try and tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.

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1년 정도 전에 암 진단을 받았습니다. 아침 7시 30분에 스캔한 결과 췌장에 종양이 뚜렷하게 보였습니다. 췌장이 뭔지도 몰랐어요. 의사는 저에게 이것은 거의 확실하게 치료 불가능한 암의 일종이며, 저는 3개월에서 6개월은 살기를 기대해야 한다고 말했습니다. 의사는 저에게 집에 가서 '죽을 준비를 하기' 위한 의사의 코드인 제 일을 정리하라고 충고했습니다. 앞으로 10년 후에 아이들에게 전할 것이라고 생각한 것을 불과 몇 달 만에 아이들에게 전하려는 것입니다. 가능한 한 가족이 편하게 할 수 있도록 모든 것을 단단히 고정해 두는 것입니다. 이별을 고한다는 뜻입니다.

 

I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and, thankfully, I'm fine now.

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저는 하루 종일 그 진단을 받고 살았어요. 그날 밤 생체검사를 한 목에서 내시경을 위에서 장으로 찔러 췌장에 바늘을 찔러 종양에서 세포를 몇 개 채취한 진정제를 투여받았는데 거기 있던 아내는 현미경으로 세포를 관찰하자 의사가 울기 시작했다고 했습니다 수술로 낫는 췌장암의 극히 드문 형태로 판명되었기 때문입니다 수술을 해서 고맙게도 지금은 괜찮습니다.

 

This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept: No one wants to die.

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이것은 제가 죽음에 직면해 있습니다. 이것이 앞으로 수십 년 동안 가장 가깝기를 바랍니다. 지금까지 살아왔기 때문에 죽음이 유익하지만 순수하게 지적인 개념이었을 때보다 조금 더 확실하게 당신에게 이렇게 말할 수 있게 되었습니다. 아무도 죽고 싶어 하지 않아요.

 

Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It's Life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it's quite true.

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천국에 가고 싶은 사람조차 그곳에 가기 위해 죽고 싶지는 않아요. 그럼에도 죽음은 우리 모두가 공유하는 목적지입니다. 지금까지 아무도 그것을 피해본 적이 없습니다. 그리고 그건 당연한 거죠.왜냐하면 죽음은 인생의 유일한 최고의 발명일 가능성이 높기 때문입니다. 라이프 체인지 에이전트입니다. 새로운 것에 길을 양보하기 위해 낡은 것을 일소합니다. 지금은 새로운 당신이지만 언젠가 지금부터 조금 먼저 당신은 서서히 늙어가고 일소될 것입니다. 극적이어서 죄송하지만 그건 전적으로 사실입니다.

 

Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma -- which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.

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자신의 시간은 한정되어 있기 때문에 다른 사람의 인생을 낭비하지 마세요. 타인의 사고의 결과와 더불어 사는 교리에 사로잡혀서는 안됩니다. 타인의 의견 잡음이 자신의 내적 목소리를 지우지 않도록 하세요. 그리고 가장 중요한 것은 자신의 마음과 직감을 따르는 용기를 갖는 것입니다. 그들은 당신이 정말 무엇이 되고 싶은지 이미 알고 있습니다. 모든 것은 차순위입니다.

 

When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the "bibles" of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 60s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along. It was idealistic, overflowing with neat tools and great notions.

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제가 젊었을 때, 『지구 통째로 카탈로그』라는 훌륭한 출판물이 있었습니다.그것은 우리 세대의 '성경' 중 하나였습니다. 그것은 스튜어트 브랜드라는 남자에 의해 여기서 멀지 않은 멘로 파크에서 만들어졌습니다. 그는 시적인 터치로 그것을 실현시켰습니다. 이것은 컴퓨터와 데스크톱이 출판되기 전인 60년대 후반의 일로 타자기와 가위 폴라로이드 카메라로 만들어졌습니다. 구글이 등장하기 35년 전의 페이퍼백 형식의 구글과 같은 것이었습니다. 그것은 이상주의적이고, 제대로 된 도구와 훌륭한 개념으로 넘쳐났습니다.

 

Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.

And I've always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you: Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.

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스튜어트와 그의 팀은 '홀 어스 카탈로그'의 몇 개의 호를 발표했고, 그것이 코스를 다 마치면 최종호를 발표했습니다. 그것은 1970년대 중반의 일로, 저는 당신의 나이였습니다. 마지막 호의 뒤표지에는 이른 아침 시골길 사진이 실려 있었습니다. 모험심이 강하면 히치하이킹해 버릴지도 몰라요. 그 밑에는 'Stay Hungry'라는 말이 있었어요. 바보짓하지 마세요.' 그들이 사인을 했을 때의 이별 메시지였어요. 배고픈 채로 있어요 바보짓은 하지 마세요.
나는 항상 그것을 나 자신을 위해 바랐습니다 그리고 지금 당신이 졸업하고 새로운 시작을 할 때, 나는 당신이 그것을 원합니다. 배고픈 채로 있어요. 바보짓은 하지 마세요.

 

Thank you all very much.

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